Functional Groups

Functional Groups- organic compounds that contain elemtns other than C and H

• most reactive part of the molecule
• may be single atom (F, Cl, Br) or groups of atoms (NO2, NH2)

Halide and Nitro Compounds
*use di-, tri-, tetra- in front for multiple groups

Halogens
F = fluoro
Cl = chloro
Br = bromo
I = iodo

Nitro
NO2 = nitro

Ex/ 1, 1, 2, 2-tetrabromo ethane


Properties of Halogenated Compound
1. Insoluble in water
2. Unreactive
3. Compounds containing Cl or Br are more reative
4. Compounds containing I are very reactive

Properties of Nitro Compounds
1. Normally insoluble in water
2. Unreactive
3. Explosive
4. Have a pleasant odour

Alcohols
- an organic compound that contains OH functional group
- named by

• using the longest carbon chain containing the OH group
• replacing "e" ending with "ol"
• multiple OH: diol, triol

*alcohol chains has to have the lowest number possible

Ex/ 1, 2, 3-butanetriol


Properties of Alcohols
1. Soluble. As you get longer chains, it becomes more insoluble.
2. Poisonous

Aldehydes and Ketones
- organic compounds containing carbonyl funtional group (double bonded oxygen)

Aldehydes
- has a double bonded oxygen at the end
- -al ending

Ex/ hexanal


Ketones
- double bonded oxygen not on either end
- -one ending

Ex/ 3-pentanone


Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones
1. Both partially soluble
2. Aldehydes are very active, and are easily converted or "oxidized" to Carboxylic Acids
3. Ketones are relatively unreactive